Every program is nothing but a set of instructions. Every instruction is nothing but a combination of operands and operators. The program to be executed must be loaded in to main memory.As main memory is too small to accommodate, only the required programs will be loaded in to main memory and remaining programs are stored in back up device. Processor interacts only with main memory.
Memory hierarchy :
Memory is nothing but a place where the program or data will be saved or loaded. Memory is collection of array addresses on which each address data or program will be saved. Memory can be mainly classified in to types.
1. Main Memory
2. Secondary Memory
Main Memory can be sub divided in to two types i) RAM and ii)ROM
RAM: Random Access Memory which is volatile and every program to be executed must be loaded in to RAM. Because Processor interacts directly with RAM.
ROM: Read Only Memory which is non volatile and which contains by default one program BOOT STRAP LOADER program .
Secondary Memory: Secondary Memory is a permanent storage device. It can be further divided into Tertiary storage device. Whenever you save the program in main memory it will be saved in secondary storage devices like Hard Disk etc.
In between Processor and RAM there is one more memory called Cache Memory. Cache Memory contains the frequently used data and programs .
Registers are present in Processor itself and used to do some mathematical operation between operands.
Cost Comparison
The cost of cache memory is high when compared to main memory and secondary storage devices.
The cost of main memory is high when compared to secondary storage devices.
Speed Comparison
The speed of cache memory is high when compared to other types of memory
The speed of main memory is high when compared to secondary storage device.
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