click here      group by and having clause

group by, having clause, order by, desc, where condition, aggregate operations, relation between group by and having clause. condition for group by clause, condition for having clause, when to use group by clause, when to use having clause, relation between having clause and aggregate operations,

aggregate functions in dbms

click here Aggregate Functions

aggregate functions in dbms, aggregate functions in oracle, aggregate functions  in sql, min(),max(),avg(),sum(),count(), distinct functions in oracle 10G, having clause, group by clause, order by , desc, where condition, differences between having clause and group by clause, group by clause followed by aggregate functions, having clause with out group by clause, order by class, string comparison operators, string comparison operators.

DDA Algorithm

DDA Algorithm

Bresenham's Line Drawing algorithm

Midpoint Circle Generating algorithm















 dda lagorithm, drawbacks in dda algorithm, bresenhams line drawing algorithm, ellipse generating algorithm, ellipse generating algorithm, scan line polygon filling algorithm, flood fill algorithm, cyrus beck line clipping algorithm, sutherland hodgeman polygon clipping algorithm, cohen suther land linke clipping algorithm,rendering, fractals, octraymethods, camera program, openGL() programming language.

                                       


                                           
           click here APPSC Degree Lecturer 2017 Paper One Question paper and Key

                            APPSC Degree Lecturer 2017 Paper Two Subject wise key
       
          click here English
                           Hindi
                           Economics
                           Mathematics
                           History
                           Botany
                           Statistics
                           Bio Technology
                           Chemistry
                           Commerce
                           Computer Science
                           Telugu
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                           Zoology
                           Physics
                           Micro Biology
       


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Giving input to the java program through keyboard using Scanner class( and data parsing using wrapper class)

                     

                             click here   Scanner class and wrapper class 

Scanner class,wrapper class,input stream reader, file input stream reader, buffered reader, nextInt(),netxtFloat(),nextint(),giving input,Integer.parseInt(),Float.parseFloat(),import java,util.Scanner,String.valueOf(), interactive input in java program, inheritance,polymorphism,abstraction, stream readers in java, sample java lab program, oops through java lab sample programs, R16 jntuk oops through java, R13 jntuk oops through java lab, R16 jntuk oops through java programming lab

Java program to initialise two dimensional array, reading and displaying array elements onto the screen

import java.util.Scanner;
class twodim    /* twodim.java*/
{
 public static void main(String args[])
 {
   Scanner s=new Scanner(System.in);
   int a[][]=new int[10][10];
   int i,j,r,c;
   System.out.println("enter the number of rows and columns of a matrix");
   r=s.nextInt();
   c=s.nextInt();
   System.out.println("enter the elements into the matrix");
   for(i=0;i<r;i++)
    {
     for(j=0;j<c;j++)
      {
       a[i][j]=s.nextInt(); /* reading elements into the array */
      }
    }
 
    for(i=0;i<r;i++)
     {
      System.out.println(); /* just to move the curson to next line*/
       for(j=0;j<c;j++)
       {
        System.out.print(a[i][j]+"\t"); /* displaying array elements onto the screen */
       }
     }
  }
}

OUTPUT:
D:\cjuschools>javac twodim.java
D:\cjuschools>java twodim
enter the number of rows and columns of a matrix
3
3
enter the elements into the matrix
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

1   2   3
4   5   6
7   8   9

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Java program to initialise an array, reading and displaying array elements onto the screen

import java.util.Scanner;
class stringdemo           /* stringdemo.java*/
{
  public static void main(String args[])
  {
   Scanner s=new Scanner(System.in);
    int a[]=new int[10];
    int i,n;
    System.out.println("enter your range");
    n=s.nextInt();
    for(i=0;i<n;i++)
    a[i]=s.nextInt();  /* reading integer values from the keyboard and placing then into array a*/
    System.out.println(); /* just the cursor goes to new line*/
    for(i=0;i<n;i++)
    System.out.println(a[i]); /* printing all the array values */
  }
}

Output:

D:\cjuschools>javac stringdemo.java

D:\cjuschools>java stringdemo

enter your range

5

12

23

34

45

56

12

23

34

45

56

/* int[] a=new int[5]; and int a[]=new int[5]; both are same and a is an array of size 5*/

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oops through java,inheritance,interface,package,super keyword, program demonstrating the use of super keywork,abstract class,static,main,awt,swings,jtab,layout,panel,applet,param,Frame,JFrame, swingutilities.invokeLater,swingutilities.invokeanwait,multithreading, multiprocesing,start(),init() paint(),adapter class,inner class,annonymous inner class,outer class,packages,friendly, constrcutors,destructors,garbage collector,inheritance,encapusulation,abstraction,bytecode,compiler,interpreter,jdbc,jsp pages,exception handling

java program to create employee class and set and get values using class methods

import java.util.Scanner;
class employee              /*employee.java*/
{
  int empno,salary;
  String ename;
  public void getdata()
  {
    Scanner s=new Scanner(System.in);
    System.out.println("enter empno,ename and salary");
    empno=s.nextInt();
    ename=s.next();
    salary=s.nextInt();
  }
  public void putdata()
  {
   System.out.println("employee number is "+empno);
   System.out.println("employee name is "+ename);
   System.out.println("employee salary is"+salary);

  }
}
 
   
class emp
{
   public static void main(String args[])
   {
     employee e1=new employee();
     e1.getdata();
     e1.putdata();    
     
    }
}

Output:
D:\cjuschools>javac employee.java
D:\cjuschools>java employee
enter empno,ename and salary
101
ashok
30000
employee number is 101
employee name is ashok
employee salary is 3000

  Next

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java program to add two numbers using Scanner class

import java.util.Scanner;
class interactiveio   /* interactiveio.java*/
{
   public static void main(String args[])
   {
      Scanner s=new Scanner(System.in);
      System.out.println("enter any two numbers");
      int a=s.nextInt();
      int b=s.nextInt();
      int c=a+b;
      System.out.println("addition of and b is "+c);
    }
}

D:\cjuschools>javac interactiveio.java
D:\cjuschools>java interactiveio
enter any two numbes
12
13
addition of a and b is 25

/*keynotes: Scanner class is used to take input from the keyboard*/
/*System.in stands for keyboard*/
/*What ever input is given from the keyboard is taken as string value*/
/* string value will be converted to integer value using wrapper class method(using nextInt())*/

Next

oops through java,inheritance,interface,package,super keyword, program demonstrating the use of super keywork,abstract class,static,main,awt,swings,jtab,layout,panel,applet,param,Frame,JFrame, swingutilities.invokeLater,swingutilities.invokeanwait,multithreading,multiprocesing,start(),init() paint(),adapter class,inner class,annonymous inner class,outer class,packages,friendly, constrcutors,destructors,garbage collector,inheritance,encapusulation,abstraction, bytecode, compiler,interpreter,jdbc,jsp pages,exception handling

java program to add two numbers and display the result on the screen

 class add   /*add.java */
 {
   public static void main(String args[])
   {
     int a=5,b=10,c;
     c=a+b;
     System.out.println("addition of a and b is "+c);
   }
 }

output:
D:\cjuschools>javac add.java
D:\cjuschools>java add
addition of a and b is 15

                                         
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Java program to print numbers and names using System class and concatenation operator

class printdemo    /*printdemo.java*/
{
  public static void main(String args[])
  {
    int a=5;
    String str="ashok"; /* String is predefined class in java */
    System.out.println("value of a is "+a);
    System.out.println("name is "+str);
   }
}

output:
D:\cjuschools>javac printdemo.java
D:\cjuschools>java printdemo
value of a is 5
name is ashok

/*key notes: in System.out.println statement we use a + operator(stands for concatenation)*/
/*  in first output statement we are appending value of a to string value of a is*/
/*in second output statement we are appending str value to name is*/


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compiler,interpreter,jdbc,jsp pages,exception handling

sample program in java

class sample      /* program must be saved with name sample and with java extension*/
{
  public static void main(String args[])
   {
     System.out.println("this is my first program"); /* output statement in java*/
   }
}


D:\cjuschools>javac sample.java
D:\cjuschools>java sample
this is my first program


        /*key notes: java is a pure object oriented programming language*/
         /* main function must be defined inside class/*
         /* the name of the program must be the main function class name/*
         /* the above program must be saved with sample.java/*
         
          /* public is a access specifier/*
           /*static is a keywor specifying that there is only one main function/*
           /*void specifies no return/*
           /*main is a function which tells compiler start executing here*/
           /*System is class in the java.lang package/*
           /*out is a static member of the sytem class/*
           /*println is a method of PrintStream class*/

 Next

         

object oriented programming using java, sample,system.out.println,static,main,public, void,inheritance, scanner, io stream, polymorphism, interface,abstract class
         
         

Midpoint Circle Generation Algorithm

C program to implement stacks and queues

Changing file permissions and file ownership

Creating users in linux

directory

changing file permissions of a file

soft links and hard linkscjuschools blogspot in

Overloading

/* C++ program to find the power of a given number using operator overloading concept*/

#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<math.h>
int power(int,int);
float power(float,float);
void main()
{
  int b,p,r;

  float br,pr,rr;
  clrscr();
  cout<<"enter the integer base and integer power";
  cin>>b>>p;
  cout<<"enter the real base and real power";
  cin>>br>>pr;
  r=power(b,p); /* first function will be called*/
  rr=power(br,pr); /* second function will be called*/
  cout<<"the power of"<<b<<"and"<<p<<"is"<<r;
  cout<<"\n"<<"the power of"<<br<<"and"<<pr<<"is"<<rr;
}
int power(int a,int b)
{
   return pow(a,b);
}
float power(float c,float d)
{
  return pow(c,d);
}

Output:
 enter the integer base and integer power
2
2
enter the real base and real power
1.2
3.2
the power of 2 and 2 is 4
the power of 1.2 and 3.2 is 1.792


object,class,inheritance,polymorphism,abstraction, encapsulation, run time polymorphism, static polymorphism, overloading , overriding,. difference between overloading and overriding, templates, drawback of procedural programming

File handling in C

main()

{

   int a,b,c;

  clrscr();

  printf("enter any any two values");

  scanf("%d%d",&a,&b);

  c=a+b;

  printf("addition of %d and %d is %d",a,b,c);

 getch();

}

output: enter any two numbers

5

3

addition of 5 and 3 is 8

lets execute again!
enter any two values

13

12

addition of 13 and 12 is 25

every thing is ok ! but what about previous input and output values?

so this is the problem while executing c program using  standard input output devices.

So if want to store input data and output data permanently then we have to go for files.

So lets move out attention to files.

So if we want to store input data and output data permanently then we have to go for files.

A file is a collection of data stored on a disk.

Simply to say file handling deals with creation of text documents, editing text, and deletion of text documents. 

For example consider creation of notepad document, copy of one notepad document to another document etc

So to do operations on file we have to use some library functions

. 

fopen()-->to open a text file

getc()-->to read a single character from a file where the pointer is pointing

putc()-->to put a single character in a file where the pointer is pointing

getw()-->to read a single integer value from a file where the pointer is pointing

putw()---> to put a single integer in a file where the pointer is pointing

fprintf()-->to display different types of data on to the screen at a time

fscnaf()-->to read different types of data from the key board in a single function

fclose()--->to close the open file

Hope you  all understand what am saying?

lets go in depth

fopen():

  

   fopen() function is used to open an existing file or to create the new file if not exist

   Note the every file program in c begins with:

   FILE *fp;

  where fp is a pointer pointing to the some location of the file.

 now we write fopen() syntax

fp=fopen("file name","mode");

example:

 main()

{

 FILE *fp;

fp=fopen("hello.txt","w");/*opening file */

-----

-------

------

fclose(fp);/*closing file pointer*/

}

seeing above example one more thing discuss

mode:

   mode specifies the type of operation to be done on file

  r--->to open a file in read mode.(make sure the opened file must exist other wise error returns)

Aggregate Functions and group by and having clause

Aggregate Functions


group by and having clause

dml, ddl, dcl, sql, oracle, not null, primary, unique key,primary key, foreign key, join

Bresenham's Line drawing algorithm 

Midpoint Circle generation algorithm

Bresenham's Line Drawing algorithm